Considering - for - as

としては

🛠 Todo: nuance.

Means “as”, “in the role of”. The と particle implies a result. More used for objective judgments. Used with nouns.

Example

厳きびしいのに先生せんせいとしてはあまり良よくない。 Because he is strict, he’s not a very good teacher.

にしては

🛠 Todo: nuance.

Means “considering”, “for”. The に particle implies a simultaneous existence. More used to give personal opinions. Used with verbs and nouns.

Example

田中さんは父ちちにしては最低さいていです。 As a father, Tanaka-san is the worst.

としても

🛠 Todo: nuance.

Means “assuming”, “even if”.

Example

私としても出来ます。 I can do it as well.

にしても

🛠 Todo: nuance.

Means “even if”, “even though”.

Example

それにしても、気きを付つけてくください。 Still, please be careful.

”As”: Gradual change

V + (の)

N + だ

+ につれて・にしたがって・と共に・に伴って

The four following forms have the same meaning of a gradual change:

• につれて
• にしたがって
• と共ともに
• に伴ともって

It means that when when the first part of the sentence changes, the second part changes gradually as well.

Example

年としをとるにつれて髪かみを抜ぬけます。 As we get older, we lose hair.

This example works with all forms.

につれて and にしたがって

In both forms, the change is natural, and is not an intentional change. When the verb expresses gradual change, both can be used. につれて is more common and more used for personal actions.

Example

冬ふゆが地ちかづくにしたがって・につれて気温きおんが下さがってきた。 As winter approaches, the temperatures have lowered.

にしたがって

This form also has the meaning of “in accordance to”. It doesn’t express change. It is possible to talk about intention.

Example

歯医者はいしゃにしたがって毎日まいにち２回かい歯はを磨みがく。 I brush my teeth twice a day as recommended by my dentist.

に伴って

に伴ともなって also has the meaning of a an instantaneous change: when the first part changes, the second part also changes instantly. The first part is the reason of it changing.

Example

オリンピックがあるに伴って交通費こうつうひがねあが値上ねあがりしてしまった。 As the Olympics are held, transportations cost have increased.

と共に

と共ともに has 3 other meanings.

Almost at the same time

It is also used for two actions that happens at approximately the same time. The two actions do not have to be related. They also don’t have to be specifically about change.

Example

鳥とりは鳴なき声ごえをすると共に風かぜが吹ふく。 The bird sings and the wind blows.

Together with

It can also mean “together with”. It is much more formal than 一緒いっしょに.

Example

妻つまと共に新あたらしい人生じんせいを始はじめります。 I am starting a new life with my wife.

As well as, also

It can also mean “as well as”, “also”.

Example

パンはチーズと共にフランスに人気にんき食料しょくりょうです。 Bread, along with cheese, is a popular food in France.