Give and receive; lend and borrow

Give and receive

Giver が Receiver に Object を +

あげる

Used when you give an object to someone.

Example

友とも達だちに本をあげる。 I give a book to my friend.

Giver が Receiver に Object を +

くれる

Used when someone gives an object to you.

Example

友とも達だちが本をくれる。 My friend gives me a book.

Receiver が Giver 「に・から」 Object を +

もらう

Used when you receive an object from someone.

Example

友とも達だちに本をもらう。 I get a book from my friend.

There’s a nuance between the two terms depending on who you are close to. The general rule is that you:

use あげる if you, your friends or family give something to others (closer to giver’s side).
use くれる if you, your friends or family are receiving things from others (closer to receiver’s side).

In both cases, the topic is the giver.

There’s only one word: もらう, and it doesn’t matter who you are close to.

In this case, the topic is the receiver.

貸かす means to lend.

Examples

傘を貸しました。 I lent my umbrella.

傘を貸してくれませんか？ Could you do me a favor of lending me your umbrella?

トイレ貸りてもいい。 Could I use your toilets?

借かりる means to borrow.

Example

傘を借りました。 I borrowed the umbrella.