Based on
からして
Means “based on”, “judging from”. Extracts a conclusion from an observation. Used with nouns.
Also used to present an extreme example where if A is true, then of course B will also be true. Generally negative.
Example
新しい部長のことの噂からして、心配です。 Judging from the rumors about the new manager, I’m worried.
もちろん親さんはうるさいからしたら、子供もうるさいです。 Of course if the parents are noisy, the kids will also be.
をもとに・に沿って
をもとに and に沿って mean “based on”, “in accordance with”. Use a source to do something, following it. Used with nouns.
Example
この教科書をもとに、練習問題を作った。 Based on this text textbook, I made practice questions.
に基づいて
に基づいて means “based on”. It is more formal than をもとに and に沿って. Used with nouns.
Example
この映画は漫画に基づいた。 This movie was based on a manga.
に応えて
に応えて means “in response to”. Implies a change depending on what is necessary, suitable, etc. Used with nouns.
Example
社長の願うに応えて、残業をしました。 In reponse to my boss’s request, I worked overtime.
に応じて
に応じて means “in accordance with”. It is less direct than に応えて. Used with nouns.
Example
社長の願うに応じて、残業をしました。 In response to my boss’s request, I worked overtime. (the request might have been implicit, and not asked directly)
の下で・のもとに
の下で・の下に means “under”, “on the basis of”. Used with nouns.
Example
新しい法律の下ではそれは禁止されている。 Under the new law, that is prohibited.