In addition

も～ば～も

N1 + も +

V (ば)

い-Adj い ければ

な-Adj + なら

N + なら

+ N2 + も

Means “also”, “as well”. Means that both N1 and N2 are true (and should share a connection). ⚠ Despite using conditional form, it is not conditional in meaning.

Examples

母はははポルトガル語ごもできればスペイン語ごも話はなせる。 My mother can speak Portuguese as well as Spanish.

おまけに

Means “in addition”. Used for emphasis for similar qualities (positive, negative). Used orally.

Examples

暑あつくておまけにエアコンが壊こわれてしまった。 It was hot, and to make matters worse, the air conditioning broke.

しかも

Means “moreover”, “what’s more”. Talks about a same subject, for objective information, implying that A and B exist at the same time. It is similar to おまけに, but used for writing.

Examples

このレストランはとても美味おいしいね。しかも、安やすいよ！ This restaurant is delicious. What’s more, it’s cheap!

上に

V

い-Adj

な-Adj + な

N + の

+ 上(に)

上うえに means “and also”, “in addition”, “as well”. Used with similar qualities (positive with positive, negative with negative).

Examples

この家いえは狭せまい上に家賃やちんは高たかすぎる。 This house is small, and the rent is too expensive.

その上

その上うえ means “besides”, “in addition”. Means the same as 上に, but with two separate sentences.

Examples

この家いえは狭せまい。その上、家賃やちんは高たかすぎる。 This house is small. In addition, the rent is too expensive.

に加えて

に加くわえて means “in addition to”. It is formal, and often used in business settings. Used with nouns.

Examples

今年ことしはピンポンに加えてバドミントンを教おしえます。 This year, I’ll be teaching badminton in addition to ping pong.

Not only, but also

はもちろん

N

+ はもちろん +

phrase

+ も・さえ

Means “not only but also”, “not to mention”. The most common form.

Examples

このゲームセンターにはゲームはもちろんボウリングもあります。 This game center not only has games but also bowling.

はもとより

Means “not only but also”. Similar meaning than はもちろん. Conveys a sense of continuity. Used mostly in writing. Used with nouns.

Examples

雪ゆきが多おおいので、電車でんしゃはもとよりタクシーもない。 There is so much snow that there are no trains, let alone taxis.