Question
か
At the end of a sentence, this particle asks a question, like a question mark.
Example
猫が好きですか。 Do you like cats?
It can also be used when there is uncertainty between two or more choices. It can be used once or multiple times.
Example
犬か猫か、どちら選んでますかな。 Which should I chose, a dog or a cat?
雨か分かりません。 I don’t know if it will rain.
かな・かしら
Means “I wonder”, “should I?“. かな is a neutral form, while かしら sounds feminine.
Example
この帽子を被ろうかな。 Should I wear this hat?
かい
Using this particle, the sentences becomes a yes/no question. Very casual, masculine connotation.
Example
来るのかい。 Are you coming?
どうやって
Means “how”, “in what way”.
Example
これをどうやって作れましたか。 How did you make this?
Probably - right - isn’t it?
でしょう
Means “probably”, “right?“. The polite version of だろう.
Example
このはきれいでしょう。 These clothes are beautiful, aren’t they? (It’s probably what you also think?)
だろう
Means “probably”, “right?“. The casual version of でしょう.
Example
今日また雨だろう。 It will probably rain again.
ではないか
Means “isn’t it?“. The polite version of じゃないか.
Example
今の揺れは地震ではないか。 That shaking is an earthquake, isn’t it?
じゃないか
Means “isn’t it?“. The casual version of ではないか.
Example
アイスクリームを食べようじゃないか。 Let’s have some ice cream, shall we?
ね
This particle when added to the end of a sentence meaning “right?“.
Example
今日は寒いですね。 It’s cold today, right?
Summing up
- でしょう・だろう expresses a probability or an assumption.
- ではないか・じゃないか invites or suggests an action.
- ね asks an agreement or a confirmation.