State

まま

V (ない)

V (た)

い-Adj

な-Adj

N + の

+ まま

Means that something doesn’t change state, stays as it is.

Examples

開あけたまま。 To be left open.

熱あついまま。 Still hot.

昔むかしのまま。 As it always been.

そのままでいい。 It is fine as it is.

さえ～ば

V ます

+ さえ + すれば

V (て)

+ さえ + いれば

N

+ さえ + V(ば)

Means “as long as”, “if only”. If a certain condition is met, the result will be okay.

Examples

公園こうえんさえあれば、うれしいです。 As long as there is a park, I am happy.

かける

Means “half”, “not yet finished”, “in the middle of”. Made by removing the ます stem of a verb.

Examples

この本棚ほんだなはまだ作つくりかけるです。 This bookshelf is not yet finished building.

一方だ

一方いっぽうだ means “to continue to”, “more and more”. Used with verbs that expresses change.

Examples

禁煙きんえんの場所ばしょは増ふえている一方です。 The number of places where smoking is prohibited keeps increasing.

ばかりだ

Means “to continue to”, in a negative direction. Used with verbs in the dictionary form (る), that describe a form of change. Can also be used as ばっかり, ばっか, ばかし, and ばっかし instead of ばかり.

Examples

病気びょうきは悪わるくなるばかりです。 The illness is only getting worse.

結果

V (た)

N + の

+ 結果

結果けっか means “as a result of”, “after”.

Examples

遅おくれた結果もう全部ぜんぶの切符きっぷは売うり切きれた。 As a result of being late, all the tickets were already sold out.

結局

結局けっきょく means “after all”, “in the end”. Acts as a conclusion.

Examples

結局卒業そつぎょうした。 In the end, I graduated.