State
まま
V (ない)
V (た)
い-Adj
な-Adj
N + の
+ まま
Means that something doesn’t change state, stays as it is.
Examples
開けたまま。 To be left open.
熱いまま。 Still hot.
昔のまま。 As it always been.
そのままでいい。 It is fine as it is.
さえ~ば
V ます
+ さえ + すれば
V (て)
+ さえ + いれば
N
+ さえ + V(ば)
Means “as long as”, “if only”. If a certain condition is met, the result will be okay.
Examples
公園さえあれば、うれしいです。 As long as there is a park, I am happy.
かける
Means “half”, “not yet finished”, “in the middle of”. Made by removing the ます stem of a verb.
Examples
この本棚はまだ作りかけるです。 This bookshelf is not yet finished building.
一方だ
一方だ means “to continue to”, “more and more”. Used with verbs that expresses change.
Examples
禁煙の場所は増えている一方です。 The number of places where smoking is prohibited keeps increasing.
結果
V (た)
N + の
+ 結果
結果 means “as a result of”, “after”.
Examples
遅れた結果もう全部の切符は売り切れた。 As a result of being late, all the tickets were already sold out.
結局
結局 means “after all”, “in the end”. Acts as a conclusion.
Examples
結局卒業した。 In the end, I graduated.