Opposition: even if, even though
て-form: even if
See TeF (4) - even if.
「と・に」しても
たって
V (た)
い-Adj い くた
な-Adj + だ
N + だ
+ って
Means “even if”, “even though”. It has the same meaning as て-form even if.
Example
今で行ったって、間に合わない。 Even if you go now, you won’t make it in time.
それでも
Means “but still”, “even so”, “anyway”.
Example
雨が降っていた、それでも出かけていた。 It was raining, but I still went out.
のに
Means “although”, “even tough”. Cannot be an hypothesis, must be a confirmed fact. This, it works with past tense. See [[Connectors#のに#Even tough]].
くせに・くせして
V
い-Adj
な-Adj + な
N + の
+ くせに・くせして
Means “despite”, “even tough”. Has a negative connotation when a situation is not what was expected. Regularly used to talk about characteristics. Like のに, cannot be an hypothesis. くせして is more familiar than くせに.
Example
掃除すると言ったくせに、まだ汚いよ。 You said you would clean it up, but it’s still dirty.
子供のくせに、数学が得意です。 Despite a child, he is good at math.
ながらも
Means “even while”, “despite”. It is used to express that while something is one state, something else. Cannot be used for an hypothesis: it is something that is happening right now. See also ながら.
Example
病気ながらも、パーティーに行くつもりです。 Although I am sick, I’m planning to go to party.
Summing up
- ても, 「と・に」しても, たって and それでも have the same meaning.
- 「と・に」しても have a bolder meaning.
- それでも breaks up the phrase.
- のに cannot be used for conditional situations.
- くせに talks about disappointment or characteristics.
- ながらも talks about something happening right now.
たとえ~ても
たとえ +
V (て)
い-Adj い くても
な-Adj + でも
N + でも
Means “even if X is the case”. Used to present possibilities.
Example
たとえ疲れても、もうちょっと起きている。 Even if I’m tired, I’ll stay up a little longer.
ても始まらない
ても始まらない means “there’s no point, even if you…” Used with a verb in て form.
Example
もう遅れているから、行っても始まらない。 I’m already late, so it’s no use going now.
ところが
expectation
+ ところが +
result
Means “however”, “even though”. It is used to talk about an unexpected result, that is contradictory to the precedent statement.
Example
自転車の乗り方を忘れるはありえないと思っていた。ところがすっかり忘れた。 I thought it was impossible to forget how to ride a bike. However, I completely forgot.
からと言って
V
い-Adj
な-Adj + だ
N + だ
+ からといって
からと言って means “just because”, “even if”.
Example
年上だからといって正しいとは限りません。 Just because you’re older doesn’t mean you’re right.
ことにはならない
V + (という)
い-Adj + という
な-Adj + だという
+ ことにはならない
Means “just because… doesn’t mean that”. Used at the end of a sentence.
Example
卒業だからといって今すぐ就職できますことにはならい。 Just because you graduated doesn’t mean you can get a job right away.
とも
V (おう)
V (ない)く
い-Adj + い + く
+ とも
Means “even if”, “no matter”. Similar to ても (TeF (4) - even if). Used in writing.
Example
辛くとも、全部食べるつもりであった。 Even if it was spicy, I planned to eat it all.
にせよ・にしろ
V
い-Adj
な-Adj + な
N + (である)
+ にせよ・にしろ
Means “even if”, “no matter”. にせよ is more common in written form and にしろ is more common orally.
Example
好きじゃないにしろ、野菜を食べる方がいい。 Even if you don’t like it, you should eat your vegetables.